Ignore him ..

"Alpha-linolenic acid  associated with a lower insulin resistance"
"PPARgamma agonist alpha-linolenic acid"

Higher dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid is associated
with lower insulin resistance in middle-aged Japanese.
Prev Med. 2010 Mar 4.
Muramatsu T, Yatsuya H, Toyoshima H, Sasaki S, Yuanying L, Otsuka R,
Wada K, Hotta Y, Mitsuhashi H, Matsushita K, Murohara T, Tamakoshi K.

Department of Public Health / Health Information Dynamics,
Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;
Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of
Medicine,
Nagoya, Japan.

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the associations between dietary intake of n-3
polyunsaturated
fatty acids (plant-derived alpha-linolenic acid: ALA, and marine-
derived
eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid: EPA+DHA) and insulin
resistance (IR)
in a lean population with high n-3 PUFA intake.
METHOD:
We cross-sectionally studied 3383 Japanese local government workers
aged 35-66
in 2002.
IR was defined as the highest quartile of homeostasis model
assessment, and
nutrient intake was estimated from a diet history questionnaire.
The odds ratios (ORs) of IR taking the lowest quartile of ALA or EPA
+DHA intake
as the reference were calculated by logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS:
Mean age, body mass index (BMI), and dietary ALA, and median of
dietary EPA+DHA
were 47.9years, 22.9kg/m(2), and 1.90g/day (0.88 %E) and 0.77g/day
(0.36 %E),
respectively.
The ORs of IR decreased across the quartiles of ALA intake
(multivariate-adjusted
OR for Q4 versus Q1=0.74, P for trend=0.01) and the association was
observed only
in subjects with a BMI <25kg/m(2) (P for interaction=0.033).
However EPA+DHA showed no such associations consistently.
CONCLUSION:
Higher ALA intake was significantly associated with a lower
prevalence
of IR in
normal weight individuals of middle-aged Japanese men and women.

Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc.

PMID: 20211645
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Identification of bioactive compounds from flowers of black
elder (Sambucus nigra L.) that activate the human peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma.
Phytother Res. 2010 Mar 11.
Christensen KB, Petersen RK, Kristiansen K, Christensen LP.
Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10,
5792 Aarslev, Denmark.

Obesity is one of the predisposing factors for the development of
overt Type 2 diabetes (T2D).
T2D is caused by a combination of insulin resistance and beta-cell
failure and can be treated with insulin sensitizing drugs that
target the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor
(PPAR) gamma.
Extracts of elderflowers (Sambucus nigra) have been found to activate
PPARgamma and to stimulate insulin-dependent glucose uptake
suggesting
that they have a potential use in the prevention and/or treatment of
insulin resistance.
Bioassay-guided chromatographic fractionation of a methanol extract
of
elderflowers resulted in the identification of two well-known
PPARgamma
agonists; alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid as well as the
flavanone
naringenin.
Naringenin was found to activate PPARgamma without stimulating
adipocyte
differentiation.
However, the bioactivities of these three metabolites were not able
to
fully account for the observed PPARgamma activation of the crude
elderflower
extracts and further studies are needed to determine whether this is
due
synergistic effects and/or other ligand-independent mechanisms.
Elderflower metabolites such as quercetin-3-O-rutinoside,
quercetin-3-
O-glucoside,
kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside,
isorhamnetin-3-
O-glucoside,
and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid were unable to activate PPARgamma.
These findings suggest that flavonoid glycosides cannot activate
PPARgamma, whereas
some of their aglycones are potential agonists of PPARgamma.

Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PMID: 20222152

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